22 Reasons Why Black Businesses Fail

 

 
BlackEconomics.org®




22 Reasons Why Black Businesses Fail


A Report Brief

August 1, 2014

Dr. Brooks B. Robinson
©BlackEconomics.org


P.O. Box 8848

Honolulu, HI 96830
www.BlackEconomics.org

BlackEconomics@BlackEconomics.org

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Introduction

You find yourself reading this Report Brief

because you have failed at business or you

have an abiding interest in being an

entrepreneur. As you know, businesses fail

for many reasons. Each business failure has

its own unique causes. You probably know

that business failure rates are quite high. Eric
Wagner reports in Forbes Magazine that


eight out of 10 (80%) entrepreneurs fail
within the first 18 months.1 So it is not


anomalous to hear frequent discussions

concerning business failures. However, the

characteristics of Black businesses are quite

different from the average US business.

For example, based on 2007 data from the US
Census Bureau’s Survey of Business Owners,


there is one Black-owned business for about

every 20 Black Americans, while there is one
business for about every 11 Americans.2 In


2007, less than 6% of Black-owned

businesses were large enough to have

employees; while about 21% of American

businesses were large enough to have

employees. Average gross receipts for Black

businesses were only about $71,000, while
1 The Forbes Magazine article is here:




http://www.forbes.com/sites/ericwagner/2013/09/12/f


ive-reasons-8-out-of-10-businesses-fail/. Wagner

attributes the failure statistic to Bloomberg Press

(www.bloomberg.com).

2 We present data for 2007, because they are the most

recently available. Data from the 2012 Survey of

Business Ownership will be available in 2015. The



2007 data are here:

https://www.census.gov/econ/sbo/07menu.html.


gross receipts were about $1.1 million for the

average American business. Importantly,

Black businesses fail at a higher rate than do
White, Asian, or Hispanic businesses.3 Our


question, and the reason for this Report Brief,

is “Why?”

Google the Internet concerning “Why Black

businesses fail,” and you will incur numerous

hits. Each explanation is driven by the

unique nature of the explainer’s relationship

with Black business. However, we were

unable to identify a comprehensive list of

reasons why Black businesses fail. Hence, in

the spirit of the famous economist Alan

Blinder, who catalogued the reasons why and

when firms raise prices, we made an attempt

to catalogue as many critical reasons as
possible why Black-owned businesses fail.4


Through our analysis, we identified 11

structural, 6 cultural, and 5 psychological

reasons why Black businesses fail. Take a

moment now to consider the following list of

reasons and their accompanying

explanations.
3For a relatively recent and clear analysis of business



survival rates across ethnicities, see Ying Lowrey’s

February 2005 work entitled Dynamics of Minority-

Owned Employer Establishments, 1997-2001 that



was published by the US Small Business

Administration.

4See Alan S. Blinder, “On Sticky Prices: Academic



Theories Meet the Real World,” in N. G. Mankiw,

ed., Monetary Policy (Chicago: University of



Chicago Press, 1994), pp. 117-154.
 




 
 




 

Structural Reasons

1. Incompatible mentality and lifestyle.


Black businesses fail often because

entrepreneurs who initiate businesses don’t

have mentalities and lifestyles that

accommodate business operations.

Entrepreneurs may have fantabulous notions

concerning what it means to own their own

business: e.g., high income from profits,

increased leisure time, status that comes with

recognition in the community, etc. What they

fail to imagine is the reality of business

ownership—being “owned” by the business.

Once new business owners recognize the

persistent grind and the total emersion that

business requires, they tire easily of the

process. Afterwards, they begin to attempt to

superimpose their mindset and lifestyle on

the business. The entrepreneur and the

business are incompatible. In this case, it is

just a matter of time before non-committed

entrepreneurs begins to make bad business

decisions either because: (1) They are not

well informed about business operations due

to their absence from the business to meet

their lifestyle requirements; or (2) they leave

important decisions to others because they

have reduced their personal involvement in

the business. These conditions comprise the

slippery slope that leads to business failure.
2. Lack of knowledge about business (the

business).—This reason for failure is not


unique to Black Americans. As just

discussed above, some prospective

entrepreneurs initiate a business as a result of

their romantic image of serving as a business

operator. On the other hand, they may seek

to start a business just to prove that they are

capable of being an entrepreneur. However,

before undertaking their mission to establish

their own business, they fail to study not only

the science of business in general, but the

science of business that is specifically related

to the type of business that they intend to

embark upon. The consequence of starting a

new business is surely not a case where

“What you don’t know won’t hurt you.” It

takes resources to start a new business, and

one is well warranted in studying the science

of business before setting out to achieve this

goal. We all know that “knowledge is

power”; and one will need all of the power

that one can muster to be successful in

business.
3. A poor “Business Plan.”—This reason


for failure has many implications; several of

which we will explore below. Notably, this

reason for failure is also not restricted to

Black Americans. The reality is that it is

critical that one has developed an excellent

business plan if one wants to be successful in

starting a business. In fact, a search for

financing for a new business is usually one

method for ensuring that a business plan is

“tight.” Most financial institutions will comb

through a business plan with a fine-toothed

comb before making a decision to finance a

new business. Therefore, one would think

that most business plans that result in

financing to start a business are well

developed. Unfortunately, this is not always

the case—as we will see. Suffice it to say that

if a business is going to be developed

according to a business plan, and the business

plan is inadequate in some way, then the

business is likely to fail. Hopefully, our

further elaborations on this topic will assist

prospective entrepreneurs in developing

more adequate business plans, which will

improve prospects for business success.

One aspect of a sound business plan that is

often overlooked, but that we will highlight

here, is the requirement for a strong

communications plan. Specifically, it is

important for new entrepreneurs to have a

solid sense of the unique value that their
 
 


business represents, and that they have

designed a well-defined method for

conveying a clear message about the value of

their business to the public. On the front- and

back-side of this business plan requirement is

the need to have communicated well with

prospective patrons regarding the needs that

the new business will fulfill. In addition, the

business plan should include provisions for a

continuous dialogue with customers after the

business is initiated in order to ascertain

ongoing changes in needs and new needs that

can be fulfilled by the business.
4. Insufficient financial capital to support

the firm until it can begin to generate

sufficient revenue.—This reason for


business failure is often related to the “poor

business plan” case. That is, a business plan

can be based on an inaccurate market study,

the plan can overstate the potential market

share that the new business might garner over

the course of time, or a business plan’s

proposal for price setting can be inconsistent

with reality. In any event, the business plan

leads the entrepreneur to believe that the

financing required to initiate and sustain the

business is less than what will actually be

required. Consequently, after the business is

underway, the available financing and the

revenues generated are not sufficient to

sustain the business. Belly-up it goes.

On the other hand, an entrepreneur can

ignore, at the margin, the financing required

to develop the business to a point of selfsustainability

as dictated by a good business

plan. In his/her eagerness to start their own

business, they charge ahead knowing that

they have insufficient financing—hoping for

a miracle or that some other turn-of-events

will prove the business plan wrong. In many

cases, the business plan is proven correct, and

the entrepreneur finds that he/she must close

the business down because they have

insufficient financial capital to develop the

business to the point of self-sustainability.
5. Absence of welcoming (Black-owned)

financial institutions in the community.


Sometimes, it turns out that a business

reaches the point of self-sustainability, and

operates for a while without difficulty. Then

the business, for whatever reason, encounters

a rough patch. At that time, new financing

may be required, and it is critical that

welcoming financial institutions exist in the

community that are open to extending new

loans to existing businesses. Too often, such

institutions (we define them as Black-owned)

do not exist. When the Black entrepreneur

reaches out to an unwelcoming financial

institution, the managers of that institution

may be unwilling to extend financing. The

financial institution may have other plans for

the business; i.e., wait for it to fail, then to

resurrect it under different ownership—

especially knowing that the business’

troubles are only temporary. Of course, this

scenario paints a picture of racial

discrimination. Unfortunately, this can be

the world that Black entrepreneurs live in.
6. Initiating a business at an inappropriate

point in the business cycle.—While one


might say that this reason for failure is not

caused by a “poor business plan,” it is related.

In this case, the entrepreneur develops a

business plan that is quite accurate and

adequate, but it is based on an economic and

business history that is about to change. For

example, in 2007, an entrepreneur plans to

open a residential real estate business based

on data from 1996-2006. Of course the

history reflects a picture of ever-increasing

home prices with no end in sight. However,

as we all now know, that history changed in

2007, and the real estate industry saw no end

to trouble for the next five years. The moral

of this story is that one must take care to

monitor the business cycle as part of a

decision to start a new business. Specifically,
 


one must ensure that the data used in

developing a business plan are not devoid of

business cycle effects. One must also be able

to read the tea leaves and confirm that a

business cycle downturn is not just over the

horizon before starting a new business—

unless one has sufficient financial capital to

weather the economic storm.
7. Poor business location.—This reason for


failure is another one that is tied to a “poor

business plan.” Everyone knows that, in

business, its “location, location, location.”

So why do businesses locate in the wrong

places? There are at least three reasons for

this outcome. First, it could occur that an

entrepreneur develops a sound business plan.

However, the plan is based on a community

that, due to desegregation or gentrification,

changes just as the business gets started. In

this case, the business plan developer did not

do his/her homework in order to uncover the

changing demographics that were about to

ensue in and around the location of the new

business.

Second, it could turn out that a business plan

is inappropriate because, in the absence of

data about the specific community in which

the new business is to be established, the

entrepreneur constructs the business plan

using data from a community with similar

demographics. Like humans, no two

communities are identical. Therefore, there

is no certainty that outcomes will be identical

across demographically similar communities.

In this case, and on a cost-benefit analysis

basis, the entrepreneur is warranted in

collecting data about the community in which

a new business will be located. This is the

only way to ensure that the business plan

analysis will produce the right go/no-go

decision when it comes to starting a new

business.

Third, as noted above, sometimes

entrepreneurs ignore their business plans. In

this case, an entrepreneur is guided by the

business plan to an appropriate location.

However, the cost of capturing that location

may exceed what the entrepreneur is willing

to pay. Consequently, the entrepreneur

identifies another location, again hoping that

a miracle or some other turn-of-events will

prove his business plan wrong.

Unfortunately, as we noted above, many

times it turns out that business performance

in a less than optimal location will prove the

business plan correct. Failure again.
8. Too much competition and too little

cooperation (vertical integration).—A


common pitfall for many, including Black,

entrepreneurs is that they will see thriving

businesses of a certain variety, say barber

shops, and assume that they can carve out a

niche in that same business in the same

general location. In fact, when researching

the business plan, they may seem to uncover

reasons why their new business will be

successful; namely, that there is sufficient

demand based on the area’s population.

Unfortunately, there are certain intangibles

that can’t be measured. It often turns out that

the existing, thriving businesses possess

certain intangibles that are difficult to

replicate. Therefore, when the new

entrepreneur starts a business in competition

with existing businesses, the former finds out

that the competition is too stiff—that the new

business cannot survive. This is a case of too

much competition.

What the new entrepreneur might have

examined was the structure of the industry in

which the thriving businesses operated.

While it may not be a good idea to compete

directly with the thriving businesses, it may

be a good idea to develop a business that is

ancillary or auxiliary to the thriving

businesses.
 
  




 


For example, in the case of barber shops, the

new entrepreneur might find that the existing

businesses would gladly support a Black

barber supplier in lieu of their current White

supplier. Therefore, by establishing a

supplier business, the new entrepreneur can

be successful. This is a case of finding a

niche in the vertical structure of the industry

in which existing thriving businesses are

already operating; i.e., a type of Black

vertical integration. In this way, Blacks

assume control of a new layer in the structure

of barbering business; moving from control

of just barber shops to control of the barber

shop supplies business.

At some point, if enough barber shops and

suppliers can be brought in line, a new Black

entrepreneur can come along and fill in a

further upstream niche in the barbering

business by actually manufacturing barber

supplies. In this way, Black entrepreneurs

can control the entire vertical structure of the

barbering business.
9. Poor product: The quality of the

goods/services produced are of insufficient

quality.—This is a transparent outcome. No


customer wants to feel that the value of what

he/she receives in goods/services is less than

what he/she pays for the goods/services. This

can happen for a variety of reasons. For

example, in an effort to reduce cost, an

entrepreneur may source from a

manufacturer that produces poor quality

goods. On the other hand, the entrepreneur

could simply charge a relatively high price

for the goods/services that are sold. In

addition, with respect to services, an

entrepreneur can skimp on staff training,

which results in poor quality services being

delivered. Or, again, the business could

charge a relatively high price for the services

that are delivered, which could be of high

quality. In any event, customers will

complain, and if appropriate action is not

taken to right the situation, customers will go

away, and the business will fail. The only,

and the important, lesson here is that

entrepreneurs should provide their customers

with value in goods/services that is

comparable to the prices charged.
10. Poor business presentation.—There is


an old adage: “It takes money to make

money.” Another, related, adage is: “If you

look successful, then you will be successful.”

These two adages spell out the reality of most

businesses. If an entrepreneur wants to be

successful, then he/she must be very

professional and must look successful. If you

require advice from an investment adviser,

you want to talk to someone who has had

personal success investing. One way for a

successful investor to reflect his success is to

reflect some degree of ostentation. When

new entrepreneurs initiate a new business and

don’t take sufficient care to make it, and

themselves, look successful, then potential

customers will doubt their ability to perform,

and will go in a different direction.

Consequently, we can agree that with

business it is always “location, location,

location.” But it is also “presentation,

presentation, presentation.”
11. Natural disasters.—As entrepreneurs,


some events are beyond our control. Natural

disasters are among those uncontrollable

phenomena. It is fruitless to seek to control

natural disasters. All we can do is to be

prepared when they hit. Mainly, this means

having sufficient disaster insurance.

Therefore, it is ridiculous to have a business

plan that excludes an entry for the cost of

natural disaster insurance. Unfortunately, too

many entrepreneurs fail to give sufficient

attention to natural disasters and they have no

natural disaster insurance, or the insurance

that they purchase is insufficient to help them

restore their business in rapid fashion after a

natural disaster strikes. This is a guaranteed
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


path to business failure. Quite often,

customers experience their greatest need

following natural disasters. If your business

is not open immediately following the

disaster or shortly thereafter, customers lose

confidence in the business—something that

is very difficult to restore. The longer the

delay in resuming full operations following

the disaster, the greater the chance that

customers will tire of waiting and move to

other businesses to meet their needs. This

can push new businesses onto the slope that

leads to failure.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Cultural Reasons

12. Racial discrimination by non-

Blacks.—Black businesses can fail when


non-Blacks engage in racial discrimination in

the form of refusing to become customers of

the business, refusing to supply or contract

with the business, engaging in extreme anticompetitive

behavior that is motivated by

race, and deciding against extending

financing to the business. Actually, such

discrimination is logical on the part of non-

Blacks when one considers that their interests

lie in supporting non-Black businesses. Most

logical persons will agree that individuals

generally feel most comfortable with those

who look, think, and act like them.

Therefore, it should be no surprise when

Black businesses experience racial

discrimination. It is true that discrimination

is against the law of the land; however,

enforcement is very weak. In fact, Black

businesses should consider themselves

extremely lucky when they find that they

don’t encounter racial discrimination. They

should expect racial discrimination from non-

Blacks, and should build their business

strategy with this potential reality in mind.
13. Discrimination by Blacks; i.e.,

“someone else’s ice is colder.”


Unfortunately, Black businesses may also

find that Black Americans can be a source of

racial discrimination. Black Americans who

discriminate against Black businesses suffer

from self-hatred. Remember the “Black

Dolls” study that was first conducted by Drs.

Kenneth and Mamie Clark in the 1950s.

They found that the psychological

conditioning of many children that were

tested caused those children to prefer White

dolls over Black dolls. While there is much

in today’s world that can combat the kind of

psychological conditioning that can cause

Blacks to prefer all things White, many of the

conditions that existed during the 1950s

remain today. Therefore, some Black

Americans have an aversion to patronizing

Black businesses because they are under the

misperception that “someone else’s ice is

colder”; i.e., that products offered by White

entrepreneurs represent better values than the

products offered by Black entrepreneurs.

On the other hand, some potential Black

customers will avoid patronizing a Black

business because they have had negative

experiences with Black businesses in the

past; essentially, they had the type of

experiences that we referred to above under

“poor product.” As a result of those

experiences, these potential Black customers

turn toward non-Black businesses for the

goods/services that they consume.

It is very difficult for a Black business to gain

the patronage of potential Black customers

who are bent psychologically on patronizing

non-Black businesses. However, it may be

possible to secure the patronage of potential
Black customers who have had a “Poor

product” experience. In the latter case,


Black businesses must simply ensure that

they always provide “high-quality products.”

If Black businesses provide high-quality

goods/services, then they can win and retain

these customers.
14. Insufficient cultural capital.—Black


businesses can fail because the entrepreneurs

that run those businesses don’t have

sufficient “cultural capital.” Here, cultural

capital means the practical knowledge and

intangible qualities that accrue to individuals

who are embedded in the households and

communities where entrepreneurship is part

and parcel of everyday living. In other

words, entrepreneurship is an intrinsic

component of the culture. If an individual

has never participated in the entrepreneurial
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


process, it is hard to imagine just what it takes

to be an entrepreneur. Therefore, when such

individuals embark on an entrepreneurial

journey, they may not be able to navigate the

route successfully.

Ivan Light and Steven Gold are among

experts who highlight the importance of

cultural capital in successful
entrepreneurship (see their 2000 book Ethnic

Economies). Jorge Borjas’ Heaven’s Door


(1999) is another book that discusses cultural

capital. The fact that this topic has received

considerable attention signals its importance

in achieving success as an entrepreneur.

Therefore, if you are contemplating

entrepreneurship, but have no cultural capital

in this area, then you might reconsider. On

the other hand, if you are about to start a

business and have some cultural capital, you

should evaluate whether your cultural capital

is of the high-quality variety; i.e., whether

your life experiences with business involves

successful ventures.
15. Too much Black love.—How can too


much Black love cause Black businesses to

fail? It’s simple. Since Martin Luther King,

Jr. and the Civil Rights Era, too many Blacks

identify themselves as lovers and pacifists.

They love everybody and they want everyone

to love them. They are willing to open their

communities and their homes to anyone who

flashes a friendly smile and presents a

semblance of caring. What these Blacks fail

to realize is that, in the US, business is a form

of combat. It can be economic warfare.

Therefore, one must protect one’s territory at

all cost.

If Black businesses are to be successful, they

must, at a minimum, thrive in their own

community. This means repelling outsiders

who want to benefit from operating in the

Black community. In essence, it is a zero

sum gain. If outsiders are benefitting, then

insiders are losing. When potential patrons

of Black businesses show their “love” by

patronizing non-Black businesses in the

community, they reduce the chances that

Black businesses will succeed.

Therefore, in order to be successful, Black

businesses may have to conduct an

information campaign in the Black

community that emphasizes the need to abide

by the first law of nature: “preserving and

loving your own to the exclusion of others.”

It may also be beneficial to inform the Black

community that one should not seek to help

others before ensuring that one can help one’s

self. These Black businesses should help

“free-loving” Black Americans come to

know the history of how non-Blacks have

focused their concern on themselves, to the

exclusion of concern about Black Americans.

Only when they stand to benefit do non-

Black businesses wink and smile in the Black

community, showing a façade of caring,

while taking all that they can get. Black

Americans must recognize that this taking

causes Black businesses to fail.
16. Insufficient cooperation and exclusiveness.


There is no need to belabor the point
here. In the above entry (number 8) on “Too

much competition…,” we discussed the


potential benefits of Black businesses

cooperating and facilitating the vertical

integration of an industry. Here, we simply

want to re-emphasize the fact that such

vertical integration can only occur when

downstream Black businesses agree to

cooperate with upstream Black businesses.

When this cooperative arrangement breaks

down, then upstream Black businesses can

fail. Consequently, it is important for

upstream Black businesses to maintain close

communications with the downstream Black

businesses to ensure that this cooperation is

maintained. Further, it is through such close

cooperation and communications that
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


separate Black businesses that are organized

in a vertically integrated arrangement can

intensify their exclusive arrangement,

exclude non-Black businesses, and create

conditions where all of the Black businesses

involved can succeed.
17. Risk hating behavior.—In the world of


risk, there are three choices: Be a risk lover,

be risk neutral, or hate risk. If you are in

business, but find that you are indifferent to

risk (risk neutral) or that you hate risk, then

you are probably in the wrong business.

Business is all about taking risks. If you find

that you are always taking actions to avoid

risk, then maybe you are not made for

business. Business is a high-wire act with no

net; it is living on the edge. If your business

is to succeed and grow, risk will always be an

integral part of the equation. Hence, if you

hate risk, you are likely to make decisions

that cause your business to suffer and fail. If

you are a risk hater, your best bet is to get out

of business before business puts you out.
 
 
 



 
 
 







 

Psychological Reasons

18. Insufficient confidence.—Essentially,


confidence is faith. “But without faith it is

impossible to please him…” (Hebrew 11:6).

If an entrepreneur doesn’t believe that he/she

will be successful, that lack of confidence

will spill over and affect their actions and the

actions of those around them. It was faith that

transformed a drug-addicted and uneducated

Malcolm Little into El-Hajj Malik El-

Shabazz, one of the most important Black

Nationalist leaders of the second half of the
20th century who possessed one of the keenest


minds the world has ever known. An

entrepreneur needs that kind of faith to be

successful. The entrepreneur must have faith

that he/she will succeed against all odds, and

that faith must be unyielding.

We believe that Black businesses fail because

Black entrepreneurs don’t have that faith.

One reason they don’t have that faith is

because too many have been reared in a

Christian tradition that features a White God.

Accordingly, they develop a consciousness

that says to them: This White God is likely

to address the needs of Whites first because

he is White before he is likely to address my

needs because I am Black. The worship of a

God who is not always present reduces one’s

faith, and makes the believer impotent to

produce and create positive outcomes under

dire circumstances. Consequently, when

times become dark, many Black

entrepreneurs lose hope and give in to failure.

To be successful, Black entrepreneurs must

fashion an internal source of strength and

hope that will be ever-present and ready to

support the entrepreneur in times of need.

With such a belief system in place, the

entrepreneur will be able to act as God

commanded Adam; i.e., to have dominion

over all of the earth (Genesis 1:26), but

especially all things related to his/her

business.
19. Fear of success.—Many Black


entrepreneurs are first-generation. In fact,

these entrepreneurs come to entrepreneurship

with the hope of “making it big in business.”

However, coming from a poor or meager

background, they fear their own potential

success. They ask: “If I make it big, how do

I handle the success? Will I squander the

wealth like so many formerly famous athletes

and entertainment stars? Will I rise only to

fall? What will my friends and associates say

when I fall? Clearly, these worries only

matter if the entrepreneurial endeavor is

successful. But even before they get to that

point, they begin to fear. This fear permeates

their being and affects all that they do.

Consequently, unwittingly, they make

business decisions and exhibit business

behaviors that are inconsistent with success.

Success flees from these Black entrepreneurs

and their businesses fail.
20. Lack of “killer instinct.”—Christianity


is in the DNA of most Black entrepreneurs.

We are taught to love; particularly Jesus, who

is depicted as White. Therefore, when we

engage in business on a competitive basis

with White or non-Black entrepreneurs, it is

in our psyche to love them and to not

outcompete them. When we are faced with a

decision to beat the competition, on a

subliminal level our minds will tell us that we

don’t really want to take action that will put

the competition out of business. Remember,

they too have families with mouths to feed.

This thinking is diametrically opposed to

capitalism. In the dog-eat-dog world of

capitalism, the object of the game is to

destroy the competition and to create a

monopoly. But given our makeup and

background, we find it difficult to play the

game effectively. In our world, the media

programs Black Americans to kill Black

Americans. We have no compunction about








destroying Black life. But when it comes to

non-Black lives, we cannot bear to pull the

trigger. This lack of a killer instinct when it

comes to the mainly non-Black competition,

causes Black entrepreneurs to not take action

that will position their business for greater

success. A continuous display of this type of

behavior increases the probability that Black

businesses will fail.
21. Fear of harm if successful.—US history


is replete with cases of harm coming to

Blacks with successful entrepreneurship

experiences. Harm was inflicted on entire

Black communities that experienced

entrepreneurial success; viz., the massive

riots that struck Wilmington, North Carolina

in 1898, Tulsa, Oklahoma in 1921; and

Rosewood, Florida in 1923. Moreover, the

historical record includes innumerable cases

of efforts to harm or impose terror on Black

entrepreneurs who were more successful than

their White or non-Black counterparts. This

history is known and is embedded deeply in

the psyche of Black entrepreneurs who

develop an innate fear of success. They know

that their success can create hatred in the

hearts and minds of their White and non-

Black competitors, which can be

operationalized by harmful acts on the part of

the former with respect to the latter. As a

result, this fear of harm may cause Black

entrepreneurs to aim for a low point on the

success pole. But in doing so, they may fail

to even reach that point. Their business may,

in fact, fail.
22. Immediate gratification syndrome.


When individuals are denied materialistic

pleasures of life for an extended period, and

then those pleasures are made available, it is

difficult for the individuals to refuse to

partake of those pleasures. Couple that

scenario with the fact that the media

perpetually bombards us with the idea of

immediate gratification of created desires.

This deadly combination characterizes the

situation that potential Black entrepreneurs

face. As noted, many Black entrepreneurs

are first-generation with meager beginnings,

who are exposed to the nation’s powerful

media. They are ripe for exhibiting

immediate gratification behavior. Therefore,

when their business begins to experience

some profitability, they may be motivated to

use their monetary success to gratify

immediately their perceived desires. This

can be detrimental to a strategy of reinvesting

profits to stimulate business growth. As we

all know, a lack of investment at critical

junctures in a businesses’ development can

cause the business to fail.
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 




 

Conclusion

We have considered quickly 22 reasons why

Black businesses fail. Whether you are

embarking on a new entrepreneurial

adventure or commiserating over a recent

business failure, you are likely to find

relevant thoughts among the reasons. Of

course, the purpose of this analysis is to bring

to the surface clearly the reasons why Black

businesses fail so that entrepreneurs can

develop strategies for avoiding failure. We

hope that our explanations are descriptive

enough so that Black entrepreneurs can use

them to develop countervailing structural,

cultural, and psychological reasons for why

Black businesses succeed. While we would

like to think that many Black businesses will

benefit from this Report Brief, the truth of the

matter is that, if just one Black business

avoids failure and succeeds, then the Report

Brief would have been worthwhile. Let us all

act to turn the reasons for Black business

failure into ashes in the mouths of naysayers,

and to construct mountains of Black business

success!

Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=2474944




 

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